Record handling of oilseed in country’s history of Pakistan

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s first fully automated dry bulk cargo terminal Fauji Akbar Portia Marine Terminals Limited (FAP) at PQA, has created a record by discharging 16,500 metric tons of canola oilseeds in a day, comfortably beating the previous 1-day record of about 9,500 metric tonnes achieved at Karachi Port Trust (KPT).

MV Panagiotis D carrying about 55,000 tons of canola docked at the 11.5 meters draft dedicated and purposed built jetty at the FAP, and the cargo of oilseed was the largest ever in one vessel to dock at any port in Pakistan. The FAP terminal has the ability to dock vessels with 14 meters of draft but the current draft is restricted to 11.5 meters of draft by Port Qasim Authority.

This feat was made possible due to the Terminal being built on a 9-hectare facility, which is capable of catering to Panamax size vessels up to 80,000 DWT. The terminal can handle over 4 million metric tonnes of dry cargo and provides handling of import and export cargo complemented by bagging stations and storage facilities to exporters and importers at the port. staff report

CJP Releases Promising Various Biodiesel Crop Cultivation Technology Source: Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel (CJP)

The CJP’s Scientists after several year researches have developed low-cost nonfood Biodiesel Crop Cultivation & Crop Care Technology Jaipur, December 9, 2011 -- The Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel (CJP) is a bioenergy crop research and development company that is meeting global demand for sustainable plant oil by working towards scientific commercialization of nonfood biodiesel trees/crops that will lend credibility; reliability and scalability. With a fully integrated platform featuring a world-class leadership and science team, the most advanced multi-feedstocks research into all aspects of nonfood energy farming crop improvement program in the industry and addressing the complete value chain, CJP is bringing the opportunities of nonfood oil to reality. The CJP intensified its collaborative research approach with regards to perennial oil seeds bearing tree like Pongamia Pinnata, Moringa oliferia, Jojoba, simarouba, etc. in combination with annual nonfood oil crops like castor, flax, safflower, camelina, etc to have more oil yield per ha and to improve their product. The CJP’s mission is to perform cutting-edge plant science research in genetics, breeding and horticulture, and further develop technologies to allow for the economic commercialization and sustainability of energy farms globally. In essence, CJP scientists are continuously working on enhanced genetics, agronomics and horticulture sciences to drive new varieties, more knowledge around the plant’s nutritional requirements and more science-based processes for the care and custody of the plant and have achieved reliable and scalable results in jatropha energy farming. CJP’s new Biodiesel crops like castor, flax, moringa, pongamia, jojoba, simarouba are poised for commercialization as the newest, greatest biodiesel feedstock as these crops can produce the greatest amount of feedstock for the lowest input and cost. There are many promising crops on the horizon, but they need to be properly vetted scientifically. Good scientific research done by CJP’s scientists has shown that how oilseed crops grow best across different soil conditions and climates, and how they fit into existing production systems determining what consequences might result from growing these crops in terms of sustainability CJP carefully manages Biodiesel crops/Plant cultivation, with advanced crop practices suitable to local soil, weather, pest, and disease conditions to ensure the high amount of oil as we have developed enhanced technology with regards to:- Planting materials & other inputs Crop Management Irrigation Management Fertilizer Management Pest & Diseases management. Harvesting Management Post harvest management And finally grading for further process After years of continuous research, experiments and trials; CJP’s Researchers have developed standardized techniques for growing Biodiesel crops/Plant on large scale. CJP ensures sustainable Biodiesel plantation right from the land preparation, crop management to production of end product. Accordingly, the enhanced variety of Biodiesel crops with regards to seed yield and oil yield, the enhanced Biodiesel Crop Cultivation techniques and intelligent business planning shall ensure proper and profitable production of the OIL CROP providing early fruition and flowering. Even a superior genotype variety planted in inadequate soil and improperly cared for, will be unable to reach its potential and will create dissatisfied stakeholders. If the development focus is properly balanced, the species will go through a series of improvements to continually enhance the characteristics. Improvement in yield, reduction in inputs or resistance to pests and diseases is an ongoing process which needs time. CJP to provide the right steps to start the successful business ensuring that this crop is planted in the right way and with due cares to what’s possible in terms of sustainable farming techniques. Based on its proprietary knowledge plant science expertise enhanced technology and extensive experience and by integrating technical and managerial issues CJP has developed following New Oil Crop” Cultivation Technology” Jojoba Cultivation Technology, Castor Cultivation Technology, Moringa Cultivation Technology, Mahua Cultivation Technology, Pongamia Cultivation Technology, Simarouba Cultivation Technology, Flax Cultivation Technology, Kenaf Cultivation Technology, Calophyllum Cultivation Technology, Citrullus colocynthis Cultivation Technology,Camelina Cultivation Technology, Jatropha Cultivation Technology, and Algae Harvesting Technology CJP is happy to release of above Oil Crop” Cultivation Technology” at an affordable Price The interested companies/parties/persons may submit their request Director (BD) Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel www.jatrophabiodiesel.org

Russian Farmers Reap Record Oilseeds Crops, Ministry Says

Russian farmers reaped record crops of oilseeds this year, theAgriculture Ministry said.

They gathered all-time high harvests of 1.5 million metric tons of soybeans, 1.1 million tons of rapeseeds and 8 million tons of sunflower seeds after drying and cleaning, the ministry said today in a statement on its website, without providing a total for all oilseeds.

Last year’s oilseed crop reached almost 7.5 million tons, according to the Federal State Statistics Service. Farmers reaped 1.2 million tons of soybeans in 2010, about 670,080 tons of rapeseeds and 5.3 million tons of sunflower seeds, according to the service.

The country’s harvest of grains and pulses was 92 million tons, or 51 percent more than last year, the ministry said, sufficient to meet domestic needs and export 25 million tons in 2011-12.Russia’s worst drought in a half century parched fields in 2010, prompting the government to impose a temporary ban on exports.

The sugar beet harvest reached a record 45 million tons, the ministry said. The corn crop reached 6 million tons.

Winter grain sowing exceeded 16 million hectares (39.5 million acres), according to the ministry. Farmers have 6 million tons of seeds, enough for the spring sowing campaign, the ministry said.

Australian Oilseeds Federation reports record canola harvest

By Erin Voegele | December 23, 2011


The Australian Oilseeds Federation recently announced that the country has recorded its largest canola harvest to date, with prices for the oilseed crop remaining strong. In its December Crop Report, the AOF stated that 2.946 million metric tons of canola has been harvested this year. The previous record, set in 1999, was 500,000 tons less. The organization also reported that prices have remained stable at $450 to $490 per ton, indicating that the year is also poised to set records in terms of value.

“We have seen a significant and unexpected lift in yields across the country, which has led us to revise our estimates upwards by around 300,000 [metric tons],” said AOF spokesman Nick Goddard. “The cooler conditions experienced through much of the growing districts following flowering, together with a good moisture profile, set up ideal conditions for oil development in the seed in the lead up to harvest.”

According to the AOF, the near ideal conditions have also seen very good oil levels being recorded, with 44 percent being reported as a fair average across the country. This is 2 percent greater than the traditional average of 42 percent. In a number of cases in both east and west of the country, oil levels of 49 percent and even higher have been reported.

The AOF also stated that current expectations are for next year to be another strong one for canola, as seed companies are reporting strong sales. “The expected La Niña weather pattern could deliver a good moisture profile for planting in April, and expected oilseed prices still delivering growers a good gross margin, albeit possibly not as high as this year’s,” said the AOF in a statement.

While canola production in Australia increased last year, data published by the USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service shows that canola production in the U.S. actually decreased in the past year. While NASS reports that more than 1.4 million acres of the crop were harvested in 2010, less than 1.1 acres of canola were harvested in 2011.

Canola production in Canada, however, increased this year. In early December, Statistics Canada reported production within the country hit an all time high in 2011, with 14 million metric tons of the crop harvested, a 10.7 percent increase over 2010 production levels. Average yields also increased by 1.5 percent in 2011 when compared to the prior year.

Colza como alternativa del cultivo de trigo

La Colza, es una oleaginosa muy difundida en el mundo, que produce aceite comestible de excelente calidad, cuyo principal productor es la Unión Europea con 10,5 millones de toneladas. En Argentina el área de mayor difusión es la provincia de Buenos Aires con 14 mil hectáreas.
Las limitaciones en su difusión han sido principalmente su competencia con el trigo ya que ambos tienen períodos de ocupación similar. El otro motivo que redujo su difusión en áreas muy aptas para este cultivo, es la no existencia de herbicidas selectivos que permitan diferenciarlo de la maleza de nombre común nabo (Brassica campestris o Brassica napus).
Son esencialmente las mismas plantas con la diferencia que estas últimas contienen ácido Erúsico, tóxico para el consumo humano y motivo de reducciones de precio en la comercialización. Esta última circunstancia ha sido la causa principal por lo que fracasó su difusión en la región este - sudeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos donde el cultivo de trigo presenta altos riesgos a enfermedades fúngicas, especialmente Fusarium y mancha amarilla, y la colza podría ser una alternativa válida.
En la región triguera argentina, la colza constituye una alternativa de diversificación para enriquecer el esquema de rotación, fundamentalmente en el centro sur, sudeste y sudoeste de Buenos Aires y este de La Pampa, zonas en las que durante el invierno, sólo se cultivan trigo y cebada. Por su mayor rusticidad, la colza puede rendir bien en suelos menos aptos para estos cereales, y en siembras tempranas o intermedias, permite la realización de cultivos de segunda e introduce una variante a la rotación actual, limitada a trigo-girasol.
Paralelamente, en la región pampeana, su cultivo está estrechamente vinculado a la actividad apícola, dado que la colza es un buen aliado de las abejas. Actualmente hay apicultores que están proyectando sembrar este cultivo, debido a que a causa del proceso de agriculturización y más recientemente de sojización, se produjo una fuerte retracción de la superficie destinada a la ganadería, cuyas especies forrajeras constituyeron la principal fuente para la producción de miel, por lo que los apiarios se fueron paulatinamente quedando sin las fuentes nectíferas. De esta forma se reemplazarían las clásicas rotaciones trigo-soja y trigo-girasol por colza-soja o inclusive colza-girasol Sin embargo, a pesar de lo señalado precedentemente y de contar con condiciones agroclimáticas favorables, el cultivo de esta oleaginosa no se ha difundido en Argentina, siendo sus principales factores limitantes: falta de información sobre manejo, comportamiento y fertilización de cultivares, dificultades del manipuleo de la semilla en la cosecha y postcosecha, escaso asesoramiento en el acopio y posterior comercialización, baja productividad física por hectárea y precios poco alentadores en relación con el trigo, su competidor en la rotación.
Es por las razones expuestas, que luego de alcanzar en la campaña agrícola 1991/92 sus valores pico de área sembrada y de producción, se produjo en forma errática y paulatina un marcado descenso de los mismos. Actualmente se ha renovado el interés de las empresas procesadoras y exportadoras por este cultivo, y se están realizando contratos de siembra con precio y recepción asegurados, factores anteriormente limitantes.
El aceite comestible obtenido de su molturación, es uno de los mas apreciados y demandado por su excelente calidad, y junto con el de oliva, es considerado como uno de los mejores para la alimentación humana, por su contribución a la baja formación de colesterol en la sangre. El mejoramiento genético, principalmente canadiense, de los últimos 40 años, ha permitido bajar, a niveles compatibles con una excelente calidad, el contenido de ácido erúcico y de glucosinolatos.
Esos compuestos son los responsables del sabor y olor característicos de estas plantas y producen problemas nutricionales en la alimentación de humanos y animales. Esto llevó a llamar canola o "colza doble-cero" a las variedades que poseen estas características para identificar mas fácilmente a este producto diferenciado.
La harina de extracción, comparable con la de soja, posee alto valor nutricional, utilizándose como suplemento proteico, en las raciones balanceadas para la alimentación animal.
A partir de la década del 1970, el cultivo de colza tuvo a nivel mundial un gran auge, convirtiéndose en una de las principales oleaginosas en algunos países como Canadá, Francia, China, Australia, India, entre otros. En la producción mundial de granos, la colza ocupa el segundo lugar en el mundo, después de la soja, como proveedora de aceite. China, en el quinquenio 1999/03 se erigió como el primer productor al aportar el 28,5% al tonelaje mundial, seguido en orden de importancia por Canadá (16,6%), India (12,6%), Francia (9,3%), Australia (4,3%) y el Reino Unido (3,8%).
En cuanto a los principales exportadores de aceite, si bien en el mercado mundial la oferta se encuentra muy atomizada, Canadá al concentrar para el período 1999/02 el 20,1% de la misma, encabeza el ranking de exportadores, ubicándose a continuación Francia (7,9%), Estados Unidos (3,7%) y el Reino Unido (3,5%).

Investigadores de la ULPGC desarrollan un sistema de cultivo hidropónico

Canarias7.es
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
El Centro de Biotecnología Marina de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, en colaboración con la Fundación AGRAMAR (biotecnologías sostenibles y agronomía marina) ha desarrollado un sistema de cultivo hidropónico (método que permite el cultivo usando soluciones minerales), que posibilita cultivar plantas con agua de mar.

Las plantas que se están cultivando pertenecen a un grupo denominadas halófilas, que crecen de forma natural en marismas y lagos salinos e hipersalinos. Tras numerosas expediciones y tras varios años de estudio y selección, se han obtenido variedades que completan su ciclo biológico (germinación, crecimiento, maduración, floración) en un sistema de cultivo que se riega únicamente con agua de mar.

El sistema de cultivo consiste en tubos de plástico rígido rellenos con picón, a través del cual, aprovechando la gravedad, fluye agua de mar, y en el que crece un tapiz de microalgas que aumenta la vitalidad de las plantas. Los tubos del sistema de cultivo pueden apilarse en forma piramidal, lo que posibilita una gran productividad de la hidroponía marina. Sólo son necesarios entre 5 y 7 riegos diarios, de 15 minutos cada uno. Para el regadío pueden utilizarse aguas residuales de piscifactorías marinas, lo cual, además de eliminar la necesidad de añadir nutrientes a las plantas, permite reducir significativamente los vertidos contaminantes de amonio y fosfato que generan estas factorías.

La Fundación AGRAMAR, en colaboración con la ULPGC, pretende estudiar incluso la utilización de las aguas de rechazo de las plantas de desalación de agua de mar para el cultivo de plantas halófilas y, asimismo, evaluar la reducción de las toxicidades de estas emisiones mediante la biofiltración - biodepuración que ejerce el propio sistema de cultivo. Algunas variedades selectas puede crecer hasta con 47 gramos de sales por litro (el agua de mar contiene 36 gramos/litro)
Las aplicaciones actuales y potenciales de estas nuevas plantas, y de esta nueva agronomía marina, son numerosas abarcando desde el consumo humano al consumo animal, así como la producción de semillas oleaginosas, la biofiltración, la jardinería marina y los biocombustibles.

El sistema permitirá el regadío con aguas residuales de piscifactorías y agua de mar

Las producciones por unidad de superficie que se han obtenido en los prototipos a escala de planta piloto superan con creces las producciones de los cultivos terrestres más productivos.

Actualmente, se está negociando con diversas empresas de Holanda, Francia, España, Libia y Marruecos la adaptación y el desarrollo del sistema de hidroponía marina.

Teóricamente, Canarias sería un lugar idóneo para desarrollar esta biotecnología marina por múltiples factores: no consume agua dulce, no posee suelo fértil, no genera contaminación, no consume energía, no compite por agromercados establecidos y permite utilizar aguas de rechazo, agua de mar y aguas salobres.

10. NEEM:A POTENTIAL BIOPESTICIDE AND SOIL CONDITIONER

by Mr. Prajapati

The Neem

Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Syn. Melia azadirachta L . ) ; Eng- Margosa tree, Neem tree; Hindi- Neem (Meliaceaae). A common roadside tree bearing small, white and sweet scented flowers. Blossoms in early April in North Indian conditions. Tree is considered a good purifier of air, due to its large leaf area. Native of Burma but grown all over India. Oilcake, obtained from seeds, is used as a fertilizer and manure. Green twigs are used as tooth brushes for cleaning teeth, and as a prophylactic for mouth and teeth complaints. Parts of the plant are used medicinally and the leaves are placed in suit cases to repel insects and to preserve woollens. An extract of leaves is used in tooth pastes and soaps Seeds yield famous margosa oil of disagreeable garlic like flavour. Oil is said to be effective in treatment of leprosy and skin diseases. Also used as a cure for manage in dogs. Leaves in poultice are used for healing of wounds. Ripe fruits are edible. Due to its bitter taste and disagreeable odour, not removed by conventional methods, neem oil has not been utilised on an industrial scale. However, a process has recently been developed to extract the bitter constituents from neem oil. Oil thus obtained has been found to be suitable for soap making and for hydrogenation. Seed oil is also used as antiseptic and for burning purposes. Stones from fruits are used as beads in rosaries and necklaces. Azadirachtin, a substance isolated from the tree, has been found to have insect repellent and insecticidal properties. Bark yields tannin. Gum exudate from the bark is used in medicines as a stimulant, and for dyeing silk. Bark is useful in fever, nausea, vomitting and skin disease. Bitter principles of neem oil are reported to have been obtained by extraction with alcohol. The main component of the oil is nimbidin which is very bitter. Nimbidin is used for making several pharmaceutical preparations including emulsions, liquors, ointments, medicinal cosmetics such as lotions, shampoos, creams, hair tonics and gargles. Timber is used for agricultural implements and furniture.

Besides above Neem products ? Neem EC and Neem UCA have also been produced as plant growth promoter and soil conditioning agent.

NEEM EC
NEEM EC is the general- purpose botanical pesticide of choice for organic agriculture . NEEM EC is widely used in several countries around the world today either singly in Integrated Pest Management or in conjunction with synthetic pesticides. Amongst the other known botanical pesticides such as Rotenone and Pyrethrins, NEEM EC is superior due to reasons cited below. Research has shown that neem extracts can influence nearly 200 spices of insects. It is significant that some of these pests are resistant to pesticides, or are inherently difficult to control with conventional pesticides (floral thrips, diamond back moth and several leaf miners).NEEM EC belongs to the category of medium to broad spectrum pesticides. NEEM EC works by intervening at several stages of the life of an insect. It does not kill the pests instantaneously but incapacitates it in several other ways.

Mode of Action : Neem acts as a biopesticide at different levels and ways. This is very important since the farmer is used to the knock out effect of chemical pesticides. Neem does not exhibit this type of effect on pests but affects them in several other ways.

Mainly: Oviposition Deterrent Insect Growth Regulation: It is a very interesting property of neem products and unique in nature, since it works on juvenile hormone. The insect larva feeds when it grows, it sheds the old skin and again starts growing. This particular shedding of old skin is the phenomenon of ecdysis or moulting is governed by an enzyme ecdysone. When the neem components, especially Azadirachtin enter into the body of larvae, the activity of ecdysone is suppressed and the larva fails to moult, remains in the larval stage and ultimately dies. If the concentration of Azadirachtin is not sufficient, the larva manages to enter the pupal stage but dies at this stage and if the concentration is still less the adult emerging from the pupa is 100 % malformed, absolutely sterile without any capacity for reproduction.

Feeding Deterrent: The most important property of neem is feeding deterrence. When an insect larva sits on the leaf, the larva is hungry and it wants to feed on the leaf. This particular trigger of feeding is given through the maxillary glands give a trigger, peristalsis in the alimentary canal is speeded up, the larva feels hungry and its starts feeding on the surface of the leaf. When the leaf is treated with neem product, because of the presence of azadirachtin, salanin and melandriol there is an anti ? peristalitic wave in the alimentary canal and this produces something similar to vomiting sensation in the insect. Because of this sensation the insect does not feed on the neem treated surface. Its ability to swallow is also blocked.

Oviposition Deterrent: Another way in which neem reduces pests is not by allowing the female to deposits eggs. This property is known as Oviposition deterrence, and comes in very handy when the seeds in storage are coated with neem Kernel powder and neem oil. The seeds or grains obtained from the market are already infested with some insects. Even these grains could be treated with neem seed kernel extract or neem oil; after this treatment the insects will not feed on them. There will be no further damage to the already damaged grains and at the same time when the female comes to the egg laying period of its life cycle, egg laying is prevented.

Other pesticidal activity includes of need include (1) The formation of chitin (exoskeleton) is also inhibited. (2) Mating as well as sexual communication is disrupted.(3) Larvae and adults of insects are repelled. (4) Adults are sterilised. (5) larvae and adults are poisoned.

Use of neem products does not give immediate results like chemical insecticides. Some patience is required after application of neem products.

Chemistry of Ingredients of Neem
Neem plants, as do all other plants, contain several thousands of chemical constituents.Of special interest are the terpenoids are known from different parts of the neem plant. Of its biological constituents the most active and well studied compound is Azadirachtin. However, in most traditional preparations of neem as pesticide or medicine a mixture of neem chemicals are present and provide the active principles. Several different kinds of azadirachtins (A to K) have been isolated, the most abundant of which is Azadirachtin ? A. The neem terpenoids are present in all parts of the plant, in the living tissues. Recently, the site of synthesis and accumulation of the neem chemicals has been identified as secretory cells. Secretory cells are most abundant in the seed kernels. The secretory cells can be seen with iodine solution. Besides the terpenoids, neem also contains more than 20 sulphurous compounds responsible for the characteristic smell of crushed seeds and neem oil.

Toxicity: In toxicological studies carried out in the USA and Germany, different neem product were neither mutagenous nor cancerogenic, and they did not produce any skin irritations or organic alternations to mice and rates even at high concentrations. In another Canadian study, Neem was found to be harmless to Aquatic invertebrates and other non-target species.

Benefits: Neem Biopesticide (Emulsifiable Concentrate) is well suited for an ? Integrated Pest Management? (IPM) Program because of the following salient features:(1) Neem Pesticide is a natural product, absolutely non toxic, 100% biodegradable and environment mentally friend. (2) It is suited for mixing with other synthetic pesticide and in fact enhances their action. (3) None or lesser quantity of synthetic pesticides need to be used, thereby reducing the environmental load. (4) Several synthetic pesticides being single chemical compounds cause easy development of resistant species of pests. Neem consists of several compounds hence development of resistance is impossible. (5) Neem does not destroy natural predators and parasites of pests thereby allowing these natural enemies to keep a check on the pest population. (6) Neem also has systemic action and seedlings can absorb and accumulate the neem compounds to make the whole plant pest resistant. (7) Neem has a broad spectrum of action active on more than 200 spices of pests. (8) Neem is harmless to non target and beneficial organisms like pollinators, honey bees, mammals and other vertebrates.

Following are the target insects of neem:

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

American boll worm Heliothis armigera
Oriental armyworm Mythimna separate
Angoumis grain moth Sitorega cerealella
Pink Cotton boll worm Petinophora gossypiella
Bark eating caterpillar Indarbela quadrinotata
Pod fly Melanogromyza obtusa
Beet leaf bug Piesma quqdratum
Pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis
Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Pulse bruchid Callosbruchus maculates
Cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae
Red boll worm Rabila frontalis
Chafer beetle Apogonia blancharid
Red hairy caterpillar Amsacta albistriga
Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella
Reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reinform
Confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum
Rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros
Corn aphid Rhopaloispum maidis
Rice moth Corcyra cephalonica
Cotton aphid Aphis gossypii
Rice skipper Pelopidas mathias
Dessert locust Schistocera gregaria
Root knot nematode Melodidogyne incognita
Diamond black moth Plutella xylostella
Root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Diamond moth Plutella maculipennis
Root lesion nematode Pratylenchus genus
Gall midge Orseolis oryzae
Rust red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
Grain borer Rhizopertha dominica
Saw toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis
Gram / pod borer caterpillar Heloithis armigera
Scale insect Saissetia nigra
Green leafhopper Nephotettix appicalis
Serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolli
Green peach aphid Myzus persicae
Shoot/ fruit borer Earias vittela
Groundnut leafminer Stomopteryx nertaria
Seleron persicae Spotted boll worm
(cotton boll worm ) Erias fabia, E. insulana E. vitella
Groundnut leafminer Stomopteryx netaria
Stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar
Stem fly Melanagromyza phaseoli
Hairy caterpillar Amsacta moorei
Stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus brassicae
Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium
Sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchaari
Leaf folder / roller Cnaphalocrocis medicella
Surface grasshopper Chrotogonus trachypterus
Leafminer Aproaerema modicella
Termite Microtermes species
Leafhopper Nephotettix virescenes
Tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura
Lesser grain borer Rhizzopertha dominica
White backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera
Mexican bean beetle Epilachna variverstis
White fly Bemisia tabaci
Migratory locust Locusta migratoria
Mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi
Mustard saw fly Athalia lugens proxima
Mustard webworm Crocidomia binotalis


NEEM UCA

Urea is the major source of nitrogenous fertiliser used in Agriculture. It is estimated that out of the total quantity of urea applied to crops, about 50- 70% is lost in various forms, thereby reducing the availability of nitrogen to crops. There is an age old practice in India of blending neem cake with urea. Based on this principle is our Urea coating agent NEEM UCA, a concentrated easy to use formulation. When NEEM UCA IS coated on urea, it forms a fine coating and protects the loss of Nitrogen by denitrification ensuring regulated continuous availability of nitrogen for a longer period, as per the requirement of crops.

Mode of Action: When uncoated urea is applied to the soil, the urea (Amide) nitrogen is rapidly converted to ammoniacal nitrogen and subsequently to nitrite and nitrate forms. Nitrogen in these forms, besides being absorbed by plants, is also rapidly lost from the soil due to leaching, run off, volatilization and denitrification. When NEEM UCA coated urea is applied to soil, the neem triterpenes inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacteria resulting in delayed transformation of ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen. This ensures slow and continuous availability of nitrogen matching the requirements of crop plant during their life cycle.

Benefits: (1) Ready to use, economical and easy to apply. (2) Ensures slow and continuous availability of nitrogen to crops. (3) Reduces nitrogen loss from urea due to leaching and denitrification. (4) Protects crops from soil borne pests.

Method of Application: (1) Spread 50 Kg urea in the shade on a clean surface. (2) Mix evenly 250 gm NEEM UCA ensuring proper spreading on urea. (3) Rub urea NEEM UCA thoroughly by hand to get a uniform coating. For larger quantities of urea, suitable mixers can be used. (4) Allow coated urea to dry till it is free flowing and ready to use.